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Un team di scenziati dell’Istituto Max Plack per la Fisica Gravitazionale, Germania, ha creato il quarto (l’undicesimo su scala mondiale) super computer della Germania per potenza di calcolo utilizzando Debian GNU/Linux.
Il supercomputer e` composto da un cluster, battezzato Atlas, di 1342 nodi basati su Debian GNU/Linux . Nel complesso sono presenti piu` di 10TeraByte di RAM e 1.3PetaByte di spazio disco. Per comunicare viene utilizzata una speciale connettivita` in grado di garantire il trasferimento dell’equivalente di “quattro giorni di film in DVD in un solo secondo” (!). Il supercomputer e` in grado di raggiungere una potenza totale di 32.8 Teraflops e lo scopo principale e` l’analisi diretta delle onde gravitazionali.
Il costo totale del cluster e` di circa 1.8 milioni di euro.
DI seguito il comunicato originale:
Debian GNU/Linux powers Max Planck Institute 32.8 TFlops supercomputer
A team of scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics have created Germany’s 4th largest supercomputer by using Debian GNU/Linux.
The Observational Relativity and Cosmology Research Group is a team of scientists working at the Hannover Branch of the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) in Hannover, Germany. Their goal is the direct detection of gravitational waves, which were first predicted by Albert Einstein. They are working with the friends and colleagues within the LIGO Scientific Community and VIRGO.
The massive computing effort necessary for this research is provided by a Debian GNU / Linux cluster of 1342 nodes called ATLAS. Using 10+ TB RAM, approximately 1.3 PB storage and a special network able to transfer almost 4 days worth of DVD movies each second, the cluster achieves a measured performance of 32.8 TFlops. This performance places the ATLAS Debian GNU / Linux supercomputer at 4th place in Germany, 11th in Europe and 34th worldwide, at a cost of EUR 1.8m (~ US$ 2.8m).
The ATLAS Debian GNU / Linux cluster was designed, built and has been managed by Dr Henning Fehrmann and Dr Carsten Aulbert, who have been using Debian GNU / Linux for years.
ATLAS has smaller brother and sister systems in Potsdam, Germany: “Merlin” (1.3 Tflops) and “Morgane” (6 TFlops) — also running Debian GNU / Linux and managed by Dr. Steffen Grunewald for many years; “the experience with them had been very, very good”, according to Dr. Aulbert.
“Thomas Lange’s FAI package is extremely useful for automatic deployment of Debian [GNU / Linux]. For example, without much tweaking and using only two hosts, we were able to reinstall the cluster in about 2.5 hours and were only limited by those two servers’ network connection.”, said Dr. Aulbert. Dr. Grunewald added, “FAI with its class model was a major breakthrough, in readability, functionality, and maintainability. There’s no way back now.”
Beyond FAI, there are other useful tools for massive scale installation, deployment and management of Debian GNU / Linux machines for various scenarios. “Debian features an extremely large set of packages, making it THE distro of choice for keeping us out of the hassle to package needed software ourselves”, said Dr. Aulbert.
As additional benefits of using Debian GNU / Linux, he cited:
* the simplicity of creating own packages
* how repositories can be set-up easily (using the reprepro package)
* using clean build environments ( pbuilder and similar packages)
* and, of course, the superb packaging infrastructure in general ( dpkg, apt, aptitude, synaptic and many useful APT tools)
By using Debian GNU / Linux at its clusters, the Observational Relativity and Cosmology Research Group reduced the amount of work needed on the hardware and software infrastructure, compared to other scientific clusters running on other distributions, allowing them to focus on their objective of detecting gravitational waves.
About the ATLAS cluster
The ATLAS cluster, linpack measured 32.8 TFlops and a theoretical peak of about 50 TFlops, consists of 1342 Supermicro computer nodes ( Intel Xeon 3220 quad-cores 2,4 GHz, 8 GB RAM, 500 GB Hitachi HDD, IPMI remote management) along with 31 data servers (2x Intel Xeon E5345 2,33 GHz, 16 GB RAM, Areca 1261ML, 16×750 GB Hitachi HDD) plus 4 similar head nodes with 4 x 750 GB HDD. Those are all running Debian GNU / Linux 4.0 Etch with a few modifications like custom kernel and Condor queuing system. Additional storage space is supplied by 13 Sun Fire X4500 running Solaris 10. The system was built from off-the-shelf computers from a German company, Pyramid Computer GmbH.
One of the many special hardware components they have is the network from Woven Systems which is a hierarchical fully non-blocking network. The EFX 1000 core switch features 144 10 Gb/s CX4 ports and connects currently to 32 TRX100 edge switches which feature 48 1 Gb/s ports and 4×10 Gb/s uplinks, reaching 2880 Gb/s. Also their Sun Fire X4500 are directly connected to the core switch.
According to Dr. Grunewald, the Merlin Debian GNU / Linux Beowulf 180 nodes cluster (launched in 2002) initially ran on a rpm based distribution, but in 2004 migrated to Debian GNU / Linux after the rpm distro vendor changed its licensing model. The total computing power of the 360 CPU cores has been estimated to be more than 1.3 Tflops peak; the data storage capacity is about 20 TB mirrored.
The Morgane Debian GNU / Linux Beowulf cluster, consisting of 615 compute nodes, 15 storage nodes, and some head nodes, launched in December 2006. The total computing power of the 1230 CPU cores has been estimated to be more than 6 Tflops peak, the data storage capacity is about 100 TB.
About the Debian Project
Debian GNU / Linux is one of the free libre operating systems (GNU/Linux, GNU/Hurd, GNU/NetBSD, GNU/kFreeBSD), running 18733+ officially maintained packages on platforms, from cell phones and network devices to mainframes and supercomputers, developed by more than two thousand volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the internet on the Debian Project.
Debian’s dedication to Free Libre Open Source Software, its constitutional non-profit nature, its open and meritocratic development model, organization and social governance make it a first among free libre operating system distributions.
The Debian project’s key strengths are its volunteer base, its dedication to the Debian Social Contract and the Debian Constitution, and its commitment to provide the best operating systems attainable, following a strict quality policy, working with an established QA Team and helpful users reporting bugs, suggestions, exchanging ideas, and registering experiences.
You can help Debian Project without joining it and even not being a programmer, or being a development and or service partner company or institution at the Debian Partner Program, or simply making various donations to the Debian Project.
Debian Project news, press releases and press coverage can be found from the official Debian wiki page. PR contact at debian-publicity list.
